The First Ground Level Enhancement Seen on Three Planetary Surfaces: Earth, Moon, and Mars-Reference-Cited by-同舟云学术

The First Ground Level Enhancement Seen on Three Planetary Surfaces: Earth, Moon, and Mars

Published:2023-08-02 Issue:15 Volume:50 Page:
ISSN:0094-8276
Container-title:Geophysical Research Letters
language:en
Short-container-title:Geophysical Research Letters

Author:

Guo Jingnan¹²^ORCID,Li Xiaolei¹^ORCID,Zhang Jian¹^ORCID,Dobynde Mikhail I.¹^ORCID,Wang Yuming¹²^ORCID,Xu Zigong³^ORCID,Berger Thomas⁴^ORCID,Semkova Jordanka⁵^ORCID,Wimmer‐Schweingruber Robert F.³^ORCID,Hassler Donald M.⁶^ORCID,Zeitlin Cary⁷^ORCID,Ehresmann Bent⁶^ORCID,Matthiä Daniel⁴^ORCID,Zhuang Bin⁸

Affiliation:

1. Deep Space Exploration Laboratory School of Earth and Space Sciences University of Science and Technology of China Hefei PR China

2. CAS Center for Excellence in Comparative Planetology USTC Hefei PR China

3. Institute of Experimental and Applied Physics Christian‐Albrechts‐University Kiel Germany

4. German Aerospace Center (DLR) Institute of Aerospace Medicine Cologne Germany

5. Space Research and Technology Institute Bulgarian Academy of Sciences Sofia Bulgaria

6. Solar System Science and Exploration Division Southwest Research Institute Boulder CO USA

7. Leidos Corporation Houston TX USA

8. Institute for the Study of Earth, Oceans, and Space University of New Hampshire Durham NH USA

Abstract

AbstractOn 28 October 2021, solar eruptions caused intense and long‐lasting solar energetic particle (SEP) flux enhancements observed by spacecraft located over a wide longitudinal range in the heliosphere. SEPs arriving at Earth caused the 73rd ground level enhancement (GLE) event recorded by ground‐based neutron monitors. In particular, this is also the first GLE event seen on the surface of three planetary bodies, Earth, Moon, and Mars, by particle and radiation detectors as shown in this study. We derive the event‐integrated proton spectrum from measurements by near‐Earth spacecraft and predict the lunar and martian surface radiation levels using particle transport models. Event doses at the lunar and martian surfaces of previous GLE events are also modeled and compared with the current event. This statistical and comparative study advances our understanding of potential radiation risks induced by extreme SEP events for future human explorations of the Moon and Mars.

Funder

National Natural Science Foundation of China

Publisher

American Geophysical Union (AGU)

Subject

General Earth and Planetary Sciences,Geophysics

Link

https://agupubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1029/2023GL103069

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