Worldwide prevalence, genotype distribution and management of hepatitis C
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Published:2021-11
Issue:4
Volume:84
Page:633-652
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ISSN:1784-3227
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Container-title:Acta Gastro Enterologica Belgica
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language:en
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Short-container-title:AGEB
Author:
Guntipalli P,Pakala R,Kumari Gara S,Ahmed F,Bhatnagar A,Endaya Coronel M.-K.,Razzack A.A.,Solimando A.G.,Thompson A,Andrews K,Enebong Nya G,Ahmed S,Ranaldo R,Cozzolongo R,Shahini E
Abstract
Hepatitis C virus (HCV) is one of the leading causes of chronic
liver disease, cirrhosis, and hepatocellular carcinoma, resulting
in major global public health concerns. The HCV infection is
unevenly distributed worldwide, with variations in prevalence
across and within countries. The studies on molecular epidemiology
conducted in several countries provide an essential supplement
for a comprehensive knowledge of HCV epidemiology, genotypes,
and subtypes, along with providing information on the impact
of current and earlier migratory flows. HCV is phylogenetically
classified into 8 major genotypes and 57 subtypes. HCV genotype
and subtype distribution differ according to geographic origin
and transmission risk category. Unless people with HCV infection
are detected and treated appropriately, the number of deaths due
to the disease will continue to increase. In 2015, 1.75 million new
viral infections were mostly due to unsafe healthcare procedures
and drug use injections. In the same year, access to direct-acting
antivirals was challenging and varied in developing and developed
countries, affecting HCV cure rates based on their availability.
The World Health Assembly, in 2016, approved a global strategy
to achieve the elimination of the HCV public health threat by 2030
(by reducing new infections by 90% and deaths by 65%). Globally,
countries are implementing policies and measures to eliminate
HCV risk based on their distribution of genotypes and prevalence.
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