Abstract
The review presents information on the role of hepatitis B virus (Hepadnaviridae: Orthohepadnavirus: Hepatitis B virus) (HBV) X gene and the protein it encodes (X protein) in the pathogenesis of viral hepatitis B. The evolution of HBV from primordial to the modern version of hepadnaviruses (Hepadnaviridae), is outlined as a process that began about 407 million years ago and continues to the present. The results of scientific works of foreign researchers on the variety of the influence of X protein on the infectious process and its role in the mechanisms of carcinogenesis are summarized. The differences in the effect of the X protein on the course of the disease in patients of different ethnic groups with regard to HBV genotypes are described. The significance of determining the genetic variability of X gene as a fundamental characteristic of the virus that has significance for the assessment of risks of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) spread among the population of the Russian Federation is discussed.
Publisher
Central Research Institute for Epidemiology
Subject
Infectious Diseases,Virology,General Medicine
Reference73 articles.
1. WHO. Hepatitis B: Fact sheet. Available at: https://www.who.int/newsroom/fact-sheets/detail/hepatitis-b (accessed November 29, 2021).
2. Sung H., Ferlay J., Siegel R.L., Laversanne M., Soerjomataram I., Jemal A., et.al. Global Cancer Statistics 2020: GLOBOCAN estimates of incidence and mortality worldwide for 36 cancers in 185 countries. CA Cancer J. Clin. 2020; 71(3): 209–49. https://doi.org/10.3322/caac.21660
3. Ющук Н.Д., Климова Е.А., Знойко О.О., Кареткина Г.Н., Максимов С.Л., Маев И.В. Вирусные гепатиты: клиника, диагностика, лечение. М.: ГЭОТАР-Медиа; 2014.
4. Revill P.A., Tu T., Netter H.J., Yuen L.K.W., Locarnini S.A., Littlejohn M. The evolution and clinical impact of hepatitis B virus genome diversity. Nat. Rev. Gastroenterol. Hepatol. 2020; 17(10): 618–34. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41575-020-0296-6
5. Datta S. An overview of molecular epidemiology of hepatitis B virus (HBV) in India. Virol. J. 2008; 5: 156. https://doi.org/10.1186/1743-422X-5-156