Affiliation:
1. King’s British Heart Foundation Centre of Research Excellence, School of Cardiovascular Medicine and Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King’s College London, London, United Kingdom
Abstract
The extensive oxygen gradient between the air we breathe (Po2~21 kPa) and its ultimate distribution within mitochondria (as low as ~0.5–1 kPa) is testament to the efforts expended in limiting its inherent toxicity. It has long been recognized that cell culture undertaken under room air conditions falls short of replicating this protection in vitro. Despite this, difficulty in accurately determining the appropriate O2levels in which to culture cells, coupled with a lack of the technology to replicate and maintain a physiological O2environment in vitro, has hindered addressing this issue thus far. In this review, we aim to address the current understanding of tissue Po2distribution in vivo and summarize the attempts made to replicate these conditions in vitro. The state-of-the-art techniques employed to accurately determine O2levels, as well as the issues associated with reproducing physiological O2levels in vitro, are also critically reviewed. We aim to provide the framework for researchers to undertake cell culture under O2levels relevant to specific tissues and organs. We envisage that this review will facilitate a paradigm shift, enabling translation of findings under physiological conditions in vitro to disease pathology and the design of novel therapeutics.
Funder
British Heart Foundation (BHF)
Heart Research UK
Publisher
American Physiological Society
Subject
Physiology (medical),Molecular Biology,Physiology,General Medicine
Cited by
187 articles.
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