The impact of hypoxia on blood-brain, blood-CSF, and CSF-brain barriers

Author:

Dunn Jeff F.12ORCID,Isaacs Albert M.2

Affiliation:

1. Department of Radiology, Hotchkiss Brain Institute, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada

2. Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Hotchkiss Brain Institute, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada

Abstract

The blood-brain barrier (BBB), blood-cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) barrier (BCSFB), and CSF-brain barriers (CSFBB) are highly regulated barriers in the central nervous system comprising complex multicellular structures that separate nerves and glia from blood and CSF, respectively. Barrier damage has been implicated in the pathophysiology of diverse hypoxia-related neurological conditions, including stroke, multiple sclerosis, hydrocephalus, and high-altitude cerebral edema. Much is known about the damage to the BBB in response to hypoxia, but much less is known about the BCSFB and CSFBB. Yet, it is known that these other barriers are implicated in damage after hypoxia or inflammation. In the 1950s, it was shown that the rate of radionucleated human serum albumin passage from plasma to CSF was five times higher during hypoxic than normoxic conditions in dogs, due to BCSFB disruption. Severe hypoxia due to administration of the bacterial toxin lipopolysaccharide is associated with disruption of the CSFBB. This review discusses the anatomy of the BBB, BCSFB, and CSFBB and the impact of hypoxia and associated inflammation on the regulation of those barriers.

Funder

Alberta Health

Canada Foundation for Innovation

Gouvernement du Canada | Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada

HHS | NIH | National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering

Publisher

American Physiological Society

Subject

Physiology (medical),Physiology

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