1. Center for Cardiovascular Research, Department of Anatomy, Biochemistry, and Physiology, John A. Burns School of Medicine, University of Hawai'i at Manoa, Honolulu, Hawaii
2. Department of Cardiology and Geriatrics, Kochi Medical School, Kochi University, Kochi, Japan
3. Department of Anesthesiology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan