Stepwise Carbene Transfer Reaction with Alkenes beyond Cyclopropanation

Abstract

AbstractMetal carbene transfer reactions have been well-established as an indispensable tool in modern organic synthesis, especially in the construction of C–C and C–X bonds with high efficiency and selectivity. Among these, stepwise carbene transfer reaction with alkenes beyond classical cyclopropanation reaction has been demonstrated as a practical method for the effective olefinic C–H/C–C bond functionalization. This review highlights the recent achievements in this area for the direct C–C bond formation involving metal carbene species with alkenes through a through stepwise reaction pathway. The content of this review is organized into three general categories according to the types of the reactions, including (i) direct nucleophilic addition of alkenes with metal carbene species, (ii) cross-coupling reaction via an alkenylic C–H bond activation and migration insertion sequence, and (iii) catalytic coupling reaction involving radical intermediate. Considering this rapidly evolving field, detailed reaction mechanism, current limitations, and future research directions are discussed.1 Introduction2 Nucleophilic Addition of Alkenes to Metal Carbene Species2.1 Using Polarized Alkenes2.2 Using Unactivated Alkenes2.3 Cascade Reactions3 Cross-Coupling Reaction Involving Metal Carbene Migratory Insertion Process4 Coupling Reaction Involving Radical Intermediate5 Conclusions and Perspectives