Surgical Site Infection in Head and Neck Cancer Patients: Observations from A Tertiary Care Hospital

Abstract

Background Surgical site infections (SSIs) in head and neck cancer (HNC) patients can significantly affect the outcome of the surgery. Appropriate antimicrobial prophylaxis is needed for prevention of SSI. Aim To study the causative agents causing SSI among the HNC patients and their drug resistance pattern. Materials and Methods This was a retrospective study. The antibiotic suspectibility pattern of the aerobic bacteria isolated from the wound infection in the patients underwent surgery for head and neck cancer, admitted from January 2015 to December 2016 were added in the study. The demographic details of patients, pathogens isolated, and their antimicrobial susceptibility were collected, entered into Microsoft Excel, and statistical analysis was done as per percentage of isolates and drug resistance. Results A total of 130 culture-positive pus samples were included in the study. The majority of the samples were from males (71.5%), one-third of the patients belonged to the sixth decade of their life. Buccal mucosa and tongue were the common cancer in the head and neck region. The common gram-negative pathogens were Klebsiella sp. and Acinetobacter sp. and Staphylococcus aureus and Enterococcus sp. among the gram-positive bacteria. Methicillin-resistant S. aureus isolation rate was noted to be as high as 64.28%. High levels of resistance to aminopenicillins, third generation cephalosporins, co-trimoxazole and fluoroquinolones among the gram-negative pathogens. Anti-MRSA drugs such as vancomycin, linezolid, and teicoplanin resistance was not seen among S. aureus. Conclusion The resistance pattern among the pathogens isolated from SSI in HNC patients is alarming. So, implementation of strict infection control practices to prevent SSI rather than treating them with high end antimicrobials is the best option.