Microenvironment of the Lower Reproductive Tract: Focus on the Cervical Mucus Plug

Author:

Ruiz-Durán Susana12,Tenorio Celia M.3,Vico-Zúñiga Irene1,Manzanares Sebastián1,Puertas-Prieto Alberto12,Altmäe Signe234,Vargas Eva235ORCID

Affiliation:

1. Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Virgen de las Nieves University Hospital, Granada, Spain

2. Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria ibs.GRANADA, Granada, Spain

3. Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Granada, Granada, Spain

4. Division of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Department of Clinical Science, Intervention and Technology (CLINTEC), Karolinska Institutet and Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden

5. Department of Experimental Biology, Faculty of Experimental Sciences, University of Jaén, Jaén, Spain

Abstract

AbstractThe female lower reproductive tract microbiota is a complex ecosystem comprising various microorganisms that play a pivotal role in maintaining women's reproductive well-being. During pregnancy, the vaginal microbiota undergoes dynamic changes that are important for a successful gestation. This review summarizes the implications of the cervical mucus plug microenvironment and its profound impact on reproductive health. Further, the symbiotic relationship between the vaginal microbiome and the cervical mucus plug is highlighted, with a special emphasis on how this natural barrier serves as a guardian against ascending infections. Understanding this complex host–microbes interplay could pave the way for innovative approaches to improve women's reproductive health and fertility.

Publisher

Georg Thieme Verlag KG

Subject

Physiology (medical),Obstetrics and Gynecology,Endocrinology,Reproductive Medicine,Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism

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