Safety and Efficacy of Lipiodol and N-Butyl Cyanoacrylate (N-BCA) Combination for Vascular Embolization

Abstract

Abstract Purpose The aim of this study was to evaluate the safety and efficacy of the combination of Lipiodol and N-butyl cyanoacrylate (N-BCA) for vascular embolization. Methods Patients with various vascular pathologies, eligible for embolization using a combination of Lipiodol and N-BCA, were included in this ethical committee–approved prospective multicenter study. Adverse events (AEs) during the procedure and up to 30 days were recorded and categorized into minor or major (AE classification by the Society of Interventional Radiology). Depending on the targeted volume of vascular occlusion of the lesion, lesions were classified into four groups (group 1: <50% target volume; group 2: 50–75%; group 3: 75–99%, and group 4: 100%). Consistency between the targeted and actual vascular occlusion achieved after embolization was assessed. Results One hundred and twenty-four patients were enrolled. All underwent at least one procedure, and 12 required a second procedure. No AEs were noted during the procedure, while 42 AEs occurred in 23 patients (18.5%) after and during the follow-up period. Two minor AEs in one patient (0.8%) were related to the mixture, and 26 AEs in 16 patients (12.9%) were related to the procedure (mostly minor A, 30.8% or B, 42.3%). The most frequent procedure-related AE was postembolization syndrome (4.8%). Nonfatal serious AEs related to the procedure occurred in two patients. The actual vascular occlusion was equal to or greater than the targeted volume in 119/135 lesions (88.1%) following the first procedure and in 11/13 lesions (84.6%) following the second procedure. Conclusion Lipiodol and N-BCA combination is safe and highly effective for vascular embolization.