Vascular Anomalies (Part II): Interventional Therapy of Peripheral Vascular Malformations

Abstract

Background The International Society for the Study of Vascular Anomalies (ISSVA) categorizes vascular anomalies into vascular tumors and vascular malformations. Vascular malformations are further divided into slow-flow (venous, lymphatic, and capillary malformation) and fast-flow malformations (arteriovenous malformation and arteriovenous fistula). This interdisciplinary classification has therapeutic implications. Methods The objective of this article is to provide concise information about the current terminology and treatment strategies of peripheral vascular malformations, based on the currently available literature, with a focus on interventional therapy of venous malformations (VM), lymphatic malformations (LM), arteriovenous malformations (AVM) and arteriovenous fistulae (AVF). Results and Conclusion Accurate classification is crucial for appropriate therapy of peripheral vascular malformations. Modern imaging technologies and refined interventional treatment strategies are now central parts in the multidisciplinary management of these patients. Slow-flow and fast-flow vascular malformations can be treated successfully by percutaneous sclerotherapy and endovascular embolotherapy as first-line interventions. Key points:  Citation Format