Facial palsy: aetiology, diagnosis and management

Abstract

Facial nerve palsy is the most frequently occurring cranial neuropathy reported to affect 1 in 60 people during their lifetime. An important step in examining these patients, is establishing whether the palsy is caused by an upper or lower motor neurone. Of the many potential aetiologies, Bell's palsy is the most frequently occurring lower motor neurone lesion. The prognosis for this is good, with approximately 85% of patients making a full recovery within three weeks. The aims of this article are to review the appropriate anatomy, potential causes of facial nerve palsy and describe a recommended assessment and management strategy for these patients. CPD/Clinical Relevance: To inform readers of the variety of causes of facial nerve palsy and present the evidence-based management.