Gut microbiota: a perspective for bipolar disorders

Abstract

Psychiatric disorders, notably major depressive disorder and bipolar disorder, stand out as some of the most incapacitating conditions worldwide. Approximately 4.4% of the global population grapples with depression, making it a significant health concern. Bipolar disorder is distinguished by alternating episodes of depression and mania, interspersed with periods of normal mood. The beginning and progression of mental illnesses are becoming more influenced by the gut microbiome. Probiotics stand out as highly promising agents for modulating microbiota and have been studied for their potential to treat a broad range of illnesses, including obesity, type 2 diabetes, cancer, arthritis and mental health issues. This review delves into the connection between bipolar disorders and gut microbiota, elucidates the mechanisms through which probiotic bacteria alleviate bipolar symptoms and examines the potential of incorporating probiotic bacteria as an efficacious element in the therapy of bipolar disorder.