Extremely Early-Onset Frontotemporal Dementia: A Case Report and Literature Review

Author:

Chu Min1,Liu Li1,Nan Haitian1,Jiang Deming1,Wang Yihao1,Rosa-Neto Pedro2,Piao Yueshan3,Wu Liyong1

Affiliation:

1. Department of Neurology, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China

2. McGill Centre for Studies in Aging, Alzheimer’s Disease Research Unit, Montreal, Canada

3. Department of Neuropathology, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China

Abstract

Background: In most cases, the onset of frontotemporal dementia (FTD) occurs between the ages of 45 and 65 years. However, some patients experience an extremely early disease onset. Objective: To investigate the clinical, genetic, and pathological features of extremely early-onset FTD. Methods: We conducted a comprehensive clinical, genetic, and neuropathological analysis of a 25-year-old patient experiencing the onset of behavioral variant frontotemporal dementia (bvFTD). In addition, we conducted a literature review and summarized the clinical, genetic, and pathological features of patients with FTD with onset age≤25 years. Results: The patient was diagnosed with bvFTD; however, there was no family history of FTD, no positive genetic test results and no deposition of TDP43, tau, ubiquitin, and synuclein in the brain. Literature screening identified 18 patients with onset age ≤25 years with FTD. The youngest patient was 14 years of age. Most patients (8/14) had a positive family history. The most common clinical phenotype was the behavioral variant (12/14). Genetic results were reported for 11 patients; the most common pathogenic gene was MAPT (10/12), with four cases of G389 R, two cases of P301 S, one case of G335 S, one case of G335A, one case of G335 V, and one case of L315 R. Pathological results were reported for 13 patients; the most common pathological subtype was tau (8/13). Conclusion: FTD can start at an extremely early age. The most common phenotype of extremely early onset FTD was the behavioral variant, the most common pathogenic gene was MAPT, and the most common neuropathological type was tau.

Publisher

IOS Press

Subject

Psychiatry and Mental health,Geriatrics and Gerontology,Clinical Psychology,General Medicine,General Neuroscience

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