A Practical Approach to Early-Onset Parkinsonism

Author:

Riboldi Giulietta M.1,Frattini Emanuele23,Monfrini Edoardo23,Frucht Steven J.1,Di Fonzo Alessio2

Affiliation:

1. The Marlene and Paolo Fresco Institute for Parkinson’s and Movement Disorders, Department of Neurology, NYU Langone Health, New York, NY, USA

2. IRCCS Ca’ Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Neurology Unit, Milan, Italy

3. Dino Ferrari Center, Neuroscience Section, Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation , University of Milan, Milan, Italy

Abstract

Early-onset parkinsonism (EO parkinsonism), defined as subjects with disease onset before the age of 40 or 50 years, can be the main clinical presentation of a variety of conditions that are important to differentiate. Although rarer than classical late-onset Parkinson’s disease (PD) and not infrequently overlapping with forms of juvenile onset PD, a correct diagnosis of the specific cause of EO parkinsonism is critical for offering appropriate counseling to patients, for family and work planning, and to select the most appropriate symptomatic or etiopathogenic treatments. Clinical features, radiological and laboratory findings are crucial for guiding the differential diagnosis. Here we summarize the most important conditions associated with primary and secondary EO parkinsonism. We also proposed a practical approach based on the current literature and expert opinion to help movement disorders specialists and neurologists navigate this complex and challenging landscape.

Publisher

IOS Press

Subject

Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience,Neurology (clinical)

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