Cancer Risk Factors in Southern Brazil: Report of a Comprehensive, Matched Case-Control Study

Author:

Giacomazzi Juliana1234ORCID,Ziegelmann Patricia Klarmann25,da Costa Samanta1,Bittar Camila Matzenbacher1,Obst Fernando Mariano678,Rosset Clévia910ORCID,Macedo Gabriel S.9,Bock Hugo10,Canal Thais1ORCID,Paese Mari Ines1,Benvenuti Jean Lucas1ORCID,Buj Maria Carolina14,Ashton-Prolla Patricia911ORCID,Goldim José Roberto1213,Pozza Roberta14

Affiliation:

1. Instituto Tacchini de Pesquisa em Saúde/Hospital Tacchini, Tacchini Sistema de Saúde, Bento Gonçalves, Brazil

2. Programa de Pós-graduação em Epidemiologia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, UFRGS, Porto Alegre, Brazil

3. Latin American Cooperative Oncology Group, Porto Alegre, Brazil

4. Hayde Health, Porto Alegre and Bento Gonçalves, Brazil

5. Departamento de Estatística, UFRGS, Porto Alegre, Brazil

6. Instituto do Câncer, Hospital Tacchini, Tacchini Sistema de Saúde, Bento Gonçalves, Brazil

7. Oncoclínicas Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, Brazil

8. Hospital São Lucas da Pontifícia Universidade Católica de Porto Alegre, PUCRS, Porto Alegre, Brazil

9. Laboratório de Medicina Genômica, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, Brazil

10. Unidade de Pesquisa Laboratorial, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, Brazil

11. Departamento de Genética, UFRGS, Porto Alegre, Brazil

12. Serviço de Bioética, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, Brazil

13. Faculdade de Medicina, PUCRS, Porto Alegre, Brazil

Abstract

PURPOSE To evaluate cancer risk factors among cancer cases and controls from Southern Brazil, to analyze a multigene hereditary panel testing (MGPT, 26 genes) for breast cancer (BC) and colorectal cancer (CCR) cases diagnosed age younger than 50 years and to characterize them for hereditary cancer syndrome (HCS) phenotypes. METHODS A case-control (matched by age group and sex) study was conducted on regional cancer. Data on exposure factors and first-/second-degree family history of cancer (1/2FHC) were collected. The MGPT was performed using Illumina next-generation sequencing technology. RESULTS A total of 1,007 cases and 1,007 controls were included. The most frequent cancers were BC (n = 311), CCR (n = 147), prostate (n = 132), and lung cancers (n = 89). It was independently associated with cancer, 1/2FHC, tobacco consumption (TC), pesticide exposure (PE), solvent/glue exposure, and BMI <24. BC was associated with 1/2FHC, TC, and hormone replacement therapy use; CCR with 1/2FHC, TC, and BMI <24; prostate cancer with 1/2FHC, TC, and alcohol consumption; and lung cancer with 1/2FHC, TC, PE, and BMI <24. MGPT identified pathogenic/likely pathogenic mutations in 24 (32%) women with BC and in three (18%) women and four (24%) men diagnosed with CCR at under 50 years. Among the tested patients under 50 years with diagnosed BC and CCR, 98.6% and 97% present criteria for HCS, respectively. CONCLUSION This study confirmed the association of several factors associated with BC, CCR, prostate, and lung cancers and reinforced the importance of evaluating FHC and genetic testing, especially for patients under 50 years with diagnosed BC or CCR. A better understanding of population-specific cancer risk factors builds on sustainable data for developing prevention strategies. These efforts increase the commitment to early detection and surveillance.

Publisher

American Society of Clinical Oncology (ASCO)

Subject

Cancer Research,Oncology

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