Carbon Nanomaterials for Capacitive Deionization: Emerging Precursors Via Pyrolysis

Abstract

Carbon nanomaterials have been widely used in capacitive deionization (CDI). In recent years, it is very interesting to explore new families of carbon nanomaterials from the pyrolysis of emerging precursors of biomass materials. As a naturally developed material, biomass materials usually have abundant heteroatom groups, well-designed morphology and wide availability, and can produce carbon nanomaterials at a lower production cost. Biomass-derived materials show good tunability in composition and structure, but further improvements are needed to improve CDI performance. This chapter summarizes the latest developments in biomass-based derivatives used as CDI electrodes, focusing on the consideration of structure and constituent materials, as well as device process parameters and electrode structure. In addition, the challenges and opportunities related to this research field are discussed.