MXene-based Separation Membranes for Water Purification and Desalination

Abstract

Laminates based on novel two-dimensional (2D) layered materials, such as transition metal carbides (MXenes), graphene, metal nitrides, graphene oxide, metal–organic frameworks, covalent frameworks, etc., exhibit exceptional properties for water desalination and purification applications. Of these materials, MXene has had a significant impact on membrane technology due to its exceptional qualities, which include great mechanical strength, excellent chemical resistance, large surface area, high temperature stability, hydrophilic surface, ease of modification, and surface functionalization. In this chapter, we focus on novel 2D MXene-based nanomaterials. The architecture, characteristics, fabrication processes, and possible uses in membrane technology of the materials will be the main points of discussion. Finally, we will highlight how MXene membranes are used in desalination and water filtration. These results will serve as a road map for the development of this new technology.