1. van Duinen, R. J. European research councils and the Triple Helix. Sci. Public Policy 25, 381–386 ( 1998).
2. Daston, L. & Galison, P. The image of objectivity. Representations 40, 81–128 (1992).
3. Ziman, J. Reliable Knowledge Canto Edn (Cambridge Univ. Press, Cambridge, 1991).
4. Nowotny, H., Scott, P. & Gibbons, M. Re-thinking Science: Knowledge Production in an Age of Uncertainty (in the press).
5. Gieryn, T. F. in Handbook of Science and Technology Studies (eds Jasanoff, S. et al.) 393–443 (Sage Publishers, London, 1995).