Distinct receptor binding domain IgG thresholds predict protective host immunity across SARS-CoV-2 variants and time
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Published:2023-11-02
Issue:1
Volume:14
Page:
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ISSN:2041-1723
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Container-title:Nature Communications
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language:en
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Short-container-title:Nat Commun
Author:
Kenny GraceORCID, O’Reilly SophieORCID, Wrigley Kelly Neil, Negi Riya, Gaillard ColetteORCID, Alalwan Dana, Saini Gurvin, Alrawahneh Tamara, Francois Nathan, Angeliadis Matthew, Garcia Leon Alejandro Abner, Tinago Willard, Feeney Eoin R., Cotter Aoife G., de Barra Eoghan, Yousif Obada, Horgan Mary, Doran Peter, Stemler Jannik, Koehler PhilippORCID, Cox Rebecca JaneORCID, O’Shea Donal, Olesen Ole F., Landay Alan, Hogan Andrew E.ORCID, Lelievre Jean-Daniel, Gautier Virginie, Cornely Oliver A.ORCID, Mallon Patrick W. G., Leon Alejandro Garcia, Feeney Eoin, de Barra Eoghan, Mallon Patrick, ,
Abstract
AbstractSARS-CoV-2 neutralising antibodies provide protection against COVID-19. Evidence from early vaccine trials suggested binding antibody thresholds could serve as surrogate markers of neutralising capacity, but whether these thresholds predict sufficient neutralising capacity against variants of concern (VOCs), and whether this is impacted by vaccine or infection history remains unclear. Here we analyse individuals recovered from, vaccinated or with hybrid immunity against SARS-CoV-2. An NT50 ≥ 100 IU confers protection in vaccine trials, however, as VOC induce a reduction in NT50, we use NT50 ≥ 1000 IU as a cut off for WT NT50 that would retain neutralisation against VOC. In unvaccinated convalescent participants, a receptor binding domain (RBD) IgG of 456 BAU/mL predicts an NT50 against WT of 1000 IU with an accuracy of 80% (95%CI 73–86%). This threshold maintains accuracy in determining loss of protective immunity against VOC in two vaccinated cohorts. It predicts an NT50 < 100 IU against Beta with an accuracy of 80% (95%CI 67–89%) in 2 vaccine dose recipients. In booster vaccine recipients with a history of COVID-19 (hybrid immunity), accuracy is 87% (95%CI 77–94%) in determining an NT50 of <100 IU against BA.5. This analysis provides a discrete threshold that could be used in future clinical studies.
Funder
United States embassy in Ireland, no grant number.
Publisher
Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Subject
General Physics and Astronomy,General Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology,General Chemistry,Multidisciplinary
Reference48 articles.
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