The role of social exposure in predicting weight bias and weight bias internalisation: an international study

Abstract

Abstract Background Whilst the consequences of weight bias and weight bias internalisation (WBI) have been explored, less is known about the factors contributing to their development. Some research has explored the role of social exposure in weight bias and WBI but has been limited in its definition of exposure and focused solely on western countries. The present study therefore aimed to assess the role of social exposure defined in terms of both population and personal exposure in predicting weight bias and WBI, in an international sample. Methods Participants (N = 1041) from 33 countries, aged 18–85 years completed online measures of demographics, weight bias, WBI, and population and personal social exposure. Population exposure was defined using national obesity prevalence data from the World Health Organisation to classify countries as low (obesity rates ≤19.9%; n = 162), medium (20.0–29.9%; n = 672) or high prevalence (≥30%; n = 192). Personal exposure was defined in terms of personal contact and health and attractiveness normalisation. Results Using regression analysis, greater weight bias was significantly predicted by being younger, male, less educated, and personal exposure in terms of normalisation beliefs that thinner body types are healthier and more attractive, greater daily exposure and overall exposure to thinner friends. The strongest predictors of weight bias (adj R2 = 13%) were gender (β = −0.24, p < .001), and personal exposure in terms of normalisation beliefs that thinner body types are more attractive (β = −0.13, p = .001). The strongest predictors of WBI (adj R2 = 6%) were attractiveness normalisation (β = −0.23, p < 0.001) and participants’ perceived body shape (β = −0.27, p < 0.001). Population exposure did not predict either weight bias or WBI. Conclusions Personal exposure is more important than population exposure in predicting both weight bias and WBI. Findings hold implications for improving the wellbeing and lived experiences of those living with overweight and obesity.