Long COVID manifests with T cell dysregulation, inflammation and an uncoordinated adaptive immune response to SARS-CoV-2
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Published:2024-01-11
Issue:2
Volume:25
Page:218-225
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ISSN:1529-2908
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Container-title:Nature Immunology
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language:en
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Short-container-title:Nat Immunol
Author:
Yin Kailin, Peluso Michael J.ORCID, Luo Xiaoyu, Thomas Reuben, Shin Min-Gyoung, Neidleman Jason, Andrew AlicerORCID, Young Kyrlia C., Ma Tongcui, Hoh Rebecca, Anglin Khamal, Huang BeatriceORCID, Argueta Urania, Lopez Monica, Valdivieso DaisyORCID, Asare Kofi, Deveau Tyler-Marie, Munter Sadie E., Ibrahim Rania, Ständker Ludger, Lu Scott, Goldberg Sarah A.ORCID, Lee Sulggi A.ORCID, Lynch Kara L., Kelly J. DanielORCID, Martin Jeffrey N., Münch JanORCID, Deeks Steven G., Henrich Timothy J.ORCID, Roan Nadia R.ORCID
Abstract
AbstractLong COVID (LC) occurs after at least 10% of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infections, yet its etiology remains poorly understood. We used ‘omic” assays and serology to deeply characterize the global and SARS-CoV-2-specific immunity in the blood of individuals with clear LC and non-LC clinical trajectories, 8 months postinfection. We found that LC individuals exhibited systemic inflammation and immune dysregulation. This was evidenced by global differences in T cell subset distribution implying ongoing immune responses, as well as by sex-specific perturbations in cytolytic subsets. LC individuals displayed increased frequencies of CD4+ T cells poised to migrate to inflamed tissues and exhausted SARS-CoV-2-specific CD8+ T cells, higher levels of SARS-CoV-2 antibodies and a mis-coordination between their SARS-CoV-2-specific T and B cell responses. Our analysis suggested an improper crosstalk between the cellular and humoral adaptive immunity in LC, which can lead to immune dysregulation, inflammation and clinical symptoms associated with this debilitating condition.
Funder
Sandler Foundation Additional funders were private donors, and these funds did not have reference numbers. U.S. Department of Health & Human Services | NIH | National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases
Publisher
Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Subject
Immunology,Immunology and Allergy
Reference49 articles.
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