Streptococcus agalactiae clones infecting humans were selected and fixed through the extensive use of tetracycline

Author:

Da Cunha Violette, ,Davies Mark R.,Douarre Pierre-Emmanuel,Rosinski-Chupin Isabelle,Margarit Immaculada,Spinali Sebastien,Perkins Tim,Lechat Pierre,Dmytruk Nicolas,Sauvage Elisabeth,Ma Laurence,Romi Benedetta,Tichit Magali,Lopez-Sanchez Maria-José,Descorps-Declere Stéphane,Souche Erika,Buchrieser Carmen,Trieu-Cuot Patrick,Moszer Ivan,Clermont Dominique,Maione Domenico,Bouchier Christiane,McMillan David J.,Parkhill Julian,Telford John L.,Dougan Gordan,Walker Mark J.,Holden Matthew T. G.,Poyart Claire,Glaser Philippe

Abstract

Abstract Streptococcus agalactiae (Group B Streptococcus, GBS) is a commensal of the digestive and genitourinary tracts of humans that emerged as the leading cause of bacterial neonatal infections in Europe and North America during the 1960s. Due to the lack of epidemiological and genomic data, the reasons for this emergence are unknown. Here we show by comparative genome analysis and phylogenetic reconstruction of 229 isolates that the rise of human GBS infections corresponds to the selection and worldwide dissemination of only a few clones. The parallel expansion of the clones is preceded by the insertion of integrative and conjugative elements conferring tetracycline resistance (TcR). Thus, we propose that the use of tetracycline from 1948 onwards led in humans to the complete replacement of a diverse GBS population by only few TcR clones particularly well adapted to their host, causing the observed emergence of GBS diseases in neonates.

Publisher

Springer Science and Business Media LLC

Subject

General Physics and Astronomy,General Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology,General Chemistry

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