Author:
Ertunc Nursah,Phitak Thanyaluck,Wu Di,Fujita Hiroshi,Hane Masaya,Sato Chihiro,Kitajima Ken
Abstract
AbstractGlycosylation of proteins and lipids occurs in vertebrates, usually terminating with sialylation, which regulates the physicochemical and biological properties of these glycoconjugates. Although less commonly known, sialic acid residues also undergo various modifications, such as acetylation, methylation, and sulfation. However, except for acetylation, the enzymes or functions of the other modification processes are unknown. To the best of our knowledge, this study is the first to demonstrate the ubiquitous occurrence of sulfated sialic acids and two genes encoding the sialate: O-sulfotransferases 1 and 2 in vertebrates. These two enzymes showed about 50% amino acid sequence identity, and appeared to be complementary to each other in acceptor substrate preferences. Gene targeting experiments showed that the deficiency of these genes was lethal for medaka fish during young fry development and accompanied by different phenotypes. Thus, the sulfation of sialic acids is essential for the vertebrate development.
Funder
The Kobayashi Foundation Research Grant
Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research
Publisher
Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Reference64 articles.
1. Schauer, R. & Kamerling, J. Exploration of the sialic acid world. Adv. Carbohydr. Chem. Biochem. 75, 1–213 (2018).
2. Varki, A., Schnaar, R. L. & Schauer, R. Sialic acids and other nonulosonic acids. In Essentials of Glycobiology 3rd edn (eds Varki, A. et al.) 179–195 (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press, 2017).
3. Kitajima, K., Varki, N. & Sato, C. Advanced technologies in sialic acid and sialoglycoconjugate analysis. Top. Curr. Chem. 367, 75–103 (2015).
4. Schwarzkopf, M. et al. Sialylation is essential for early development in mice. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 99, 5267–5270 (2002).
5. Abeln, M. et al. Sialic acid is a critical fetal defense against maternal complement attack. J. Clin. Invest. 129, 422–436 (2019).
Cited by
3 articles.
订阅此论文施引文献
订阅此论文施引文献,注册后可以免费订阅5篇论文的施引文献,订阅后可以查看论文全部施引文献