Effect of gamma irradiation on filtering facepiece respirators and SARS-CoV-2 detection

Author:

Al-Hadyan Khaled,Alsbeih Ghazi,Al-Harbi Najla,Judia Sara Bin,Al-Ghamdi Maha,Almousa Akram,Alsharif Ibtihaj,Bakheet Razan,Al-Romaih Khaldoun,Al-Mozaini Maha,Al-Ghamdi Salem,Moftah Belal,Alhmaid Rashed

Abstract

AbstractTo cope with the shortage of filtering facepiece respirators (FFRs) during the coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic, healthcare institutions were forced to reuse FFRs after applying different decontamination methods including gamma-irradiation (GIR). The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of GIR on the filtration efficiency (FE) of FFRs and on SARS-CoV-2 detection. The FE of 2 FFRs types (KN95 and N95-3 M masks) was assessed at different particle sizes (0.3–5 µm) following GIR (0–15 kGy) delivered at either typical (1.65 kGy/h) or low (0.5088 kGy/h) dose rates. The detection of two SARS-CoV-2 RNA genes (E and RdRp4) following GIR (0–50 kGy) was carried out using RT-qPCR assay. Both masks showed an overall significant (P < 0.001) reduction in FE with increased GIR doses. No significant differences were observed between GIR dose rates on FE. The GIR exhibited significant increases (P ≤ 0.001) in the cycle threshold values (ΔCt) of both genes, with no detection following high doses. In conclusion, complete degradation of SARS-CoV-2 RNA can be achieved by high GIR (≥ 30 kGy), suggesting its potential use in FFRs decontamination. However, GIR exhibited adverse effects on FE in dose- and particle size-dependent manners, rendering its use to decontaminate FFRs debatable.

Funder

King Abdulaziz City for Science and Technology

Publisher

Springer Science and Business Media LLC

Subject

Multidisciplinary

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3. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). Recommended Guidance for Extended Use and Limited Reuse of N95 Filtering Facepiece Respirators in Healthcare Settings, https://www.cdc.gov/niosh/topics/hcwcontrols/recommendedguidanceextuse.html#ref19 (2020).

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