Association of vaccine status, reinfections, and risk factors with Long COVID syndrome
-
Published:2024-02-02
Issue:1
Volume:14
Page:
-
ISSN:2045-2322
-
Container-title:Scientific Reports
-
language:en
-
Short-container-title:Sci Rep
Author:
Romero-Ibarguengoitia Maria Elena,Rodríguez-Torres Juan Francisco,Garza-Silva Arnulfo,Rivera-Cavazos Andrea,Morales-Rodriguez Devany Paola,Hurtado-Cabrera Mauricio,Kalife-Assad Ricardo,Villarreal-Parra Diana,Loose-Esparza Alejandro,Gutiérrez-Arias Juan José,Mata-Porras Yaressi Guadalupe,Ojeda-Salazar Daniela Abigail,Sanz-Sánchez Miguel Angel,González-Cantú Arnulfo,Azzolini Elena,Rescigno Maria
Abstract
AbstractThe COVID-19 pandemic had a profound global impact, characterized by a high fatality rate and the emergence of enduring consequences known as Long COVID. Our study sought to determine the prevalence of Long COVID syndrome within a population of Northeastern Mexico, correlating it with patients' comorbidities, number of COVID-19 reinfection, and vaccination status. Employing an observational cross-sectional approach, we administered a comprehensive questionnaire covering medical history, demographics, vaccination status, COVID-related symptoms, and treatment. Our participant cohort included 807 patients, with an average age of 41.5 (SD 13.6) years, and women accounting 59.3% of the cohort. The follow-up was 488 (IQR 456) days. One hundred sixty-eight subjects (20.9%) met Long COVID criteria. Long COVID-19 was more prevalent when subjects had reinfections (p = 0.02) and less frequent when they had a complete vaccination scheme (p = 0.05). Through logistic regression, we found that male gender (OR 0.5, p ≤ 0.001), blood types of AB− (OR 0.48, p = 0.003) and O− (OR 0.27, p ≤ 0.001) in comparison with A+ and two doses of vaccines (OR 0.5, p = 006) to be protective factors against Long COVID; while higher BMI (OR 1.04, p = 0.005) was a risk factor. We saw that the prevalence of Long COVID was different within vaccinated patients and specific blood types, while being female and a higher BMI were associated with an increased risk of having long-COVID.
Publisher
Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Subject
Multidisciplinary
Reference27 articles.
1. Vandenberg, O., Martiny, D., Rochas, O., Van Belkum, A. & Kozlakidis, Z. Considerations for diagnostic COVID-19 tests. Nat. Rev. Microbiol. 19, 171–183 (2021). 2. Ochani, R. et al. COVID-19 pandemic: From origins to outcomes. A comprehensive review of viral pathogenesis, clinical manifestations, diagnostic evaluation, and management. Infez. Med. 29, 20–36 (2021). 3. Sotoodeh Ghorbani, S. et al. Epidemiologic characteristics of cases with reinfection, recurrence, and hospital readmission due to COVID-19: A systematic review and meta-analysis. J. Med. Virol. 94, 44–53 (2022). 4. Fiolet, T., Kherabi, Y., MacDonald, C.-J., Ghosn, J. & Peiffer-Smadja, N. Comparing COVID-19 vaccines for their characteristics, efficacy and effectiveness against SARS-CoV-2 and variants of concern: A narrative review. Clin. Microbiol. Infect. 28, 202–221 (2022). 5. Rashedi, R., Samieefar, N., Masoumi, N., Mohseni, S. & Rezaei, N. COVID-19 vaccines mix-and-match: The concept, the efficacy and the doubts. J. Med. Virol. 94, 1294–1299 (2022).
|
|