Author:
Choi Yoon-Jung,Cho Jinwoo,Hong Yun-Chul,Lee Dong-wook,Moon Sungji,Park Soo Jin,Lee Kyung-shin,Shin Choong Ho,Lee Young Ah,Kim Bung-Nyun,Kaminsky Zachary,Kim Johanna Inhyang,Lim Youn-Hee
Abstract
AbstractEpigenetic influence plays a role in the association between exposure to air pollution and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD); however, research regarding sulfur dioxide (SO2) is scarce. Herein, we investigate the associations between prenatal SO2 exposure and ADHD rating scale (ARS) at ages 4, 6 and 8 years repeatedly in a mother–child cohort (n = 329). Whole blood samples were obtained at ages 2 and 6 years, and genome-wide DNA methylation (DNAm) was analyzed for 51 children using the Illumina Infinium HumanMethylation BeadChip. We analyzed the associations between prenatal SO2 exposure and DNAm levels at ages 2 and 6, and further investigated the association between the DNAm and ARS at ages 4, 6 and 8. Prenatal SO2 exposure was associated with ADHD symptoms. From candidate gene analysis, DNAm levels at the 6 CpGs at age 2 were associated with prenatal SO2 exposure levels. Of the 6 CpGs, cg07583420 (INS-IGF2) was persistently linked with ARS at ages 4, 6 and 8. Epigenome-wide analysis showed that DNAm at 6733 CpG sites were associated with prenatal SO2 exposure, of which 58 CpGs involved in Notch signalling pathway were further associated with ARS at age 4, 6 and 8 years, persistently. DNAm at age 6 was not associated with prenatal SO2 exposure. Changes in DNAm levels associated with prenatal SO2 exposure during early childhood are associated with increases in ARS in later childhood.
Funder
the Bio & Medical Technology Development Program of the National Research Foundation (NRF) funded by the Korean Government
the Environmental Health Center, funded by the Korean Ministry of Environment
R&D Research program funded by the Ministry of Food and Drug Safety of Korea
the Basic Science Research Program through the National Research Foundation of Korea, funded by the Ministry of Education
Helsefonden
Publisher
Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Cited by
5 articles.
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