European Consensus Statement on congenital hypogonadotropic hypogonadism—pathogenesis, diagnosis and treatment

Author:

Boehm Ulrich,Bouloux Pierre-Marc,Dattani Mehul T.,de Roux Nicolas,Dodé Catherine,Dunkel Leo,Dwyer Andrew A.,Giacobini Paolo,Hardelin Jean-Pierre,Juul Anders,Maghnie Mohamad,Pitteloud Nelly,Prevot Vincent,Raivio Taneli,Tena-Sempere Manuel,Quinton Richard,Young Jacques

Publisher

Springer Science and Business Media LLC

Subject

Endocrinology,Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism

Reference249 articles.

1. Bianco, S. D. & Kaiser, U. B. The genetic and molecular basis of idiopathic hypogonadotropic hypogonadism. Nat. Rev. Endocrinol. 5, 569–576 (2009).

2. Schwanzel-Fukuda, M., Bick, D. & Pfaff, D. W. Luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone (LHRH)-expressing cells do not migrate normally in an inherited hypogonadal (Kallmann) syndrome. Brain Res. Mol. Brain Res. 6, 311–326 (1989).

3. Teixeira, L. et al. Defective migration of neuroendocrine GnRH cells in human arrhinencephalic conditions. J. Clin. Invest. 120, 3668–3672 (2010).

4. Seminara, S. B., Hayes, F. J. & Crowley, W. F. Jr. Gonadotropin-releasing hormone deficiency in the human (idiopathic hypogonadotropic hypogonadism and Kallmann's syndrome): pathophysiological and genetic considerations. Endocr. Rev. 19, 521–539 (1998).

5. Mitchell, A. L., Dwyer, A., Pitteloud, N. & Quinton, R. Genetic basis and variable phenotypic expression of Kallmann syndrome: towards a unifying theory. Trends Endocrinol. Metab. 22, 249–258 (2011).

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