Clinical phenotyping and genetic diagnosis of a large cohort of Sudanese families with hereditary spinocerebellar degenerations

Author:

Yahia AshrafORCID,Hamed Ahlam A. A.,Mohamed Inaam N.,Elseed Maha A.,Salih Mustafa A.ORCID,El-sadig Sarah M.,Siddig Hassab Elrasoul,Nasreldien Ali Elsir Musa,Abdullah Mohamed Ahmed,Elzubair Maha,Omer Farouk Yassen,Bakhiet Aisha Motwakil,Abubaker Rayan,Abozar Fatima,Adil Rawaa,Emad Sara,Musallam Mhammed Alhassan,Eltazi Isra Z. M.,Omer Zulfa,Malik Hiba,Mohamed Mayada O. E.,Elhassan Ali A.ORCID,Mohamed Eman O. E.,Ahmed Ahmed K. M. A.,Ahmed Elhami A. A.,Eltaraifee Esraa,Hussein Bidour K.,Abd Allah Amal S. I.,Salah Lina,Nimir MohamedORCID,Tag Elseed Omnia M.,Elhassan Tasneem E. A.,Elbashier Abubakr,Alfadul Esraa S. A.ORCID,Fadul Moneeb,Ali Khalil F.,Taha Shaimaa Omer M. A.,Bushara Elfatih E.,Amin Mutaz,Koko MahmoudORCID,Ibrahim Muntaser E.ORCID,Ahmed Ammar E.,Elsayed Liena E. O.,Stevanin GiovanniORCID

Abstract

AbstractHereditary spinocerebellar degenerations (SCDs) is an umbrella term that covers a group of monogenic conditions that share common pathogenic mechanisms and include hereditary spastic paraplegia (HSP), cerebellar ataxia, and spinocerebellar ataxia. They are often complicated with axonal neuropathy and/or intellectual impairment and overlap with many neurological conditions, including neurodevelopmental disorders. More than 200 genes and loci inherited through all modes of Mendelian inheritance are known. Autosomal recessive inheritance predominates in consanguineous communities; however, autosomal dominant and X-linked inheritance can also occur. Sudan is inhabited by genetically diverse populations, yet it has high consanguinity rates. We used next-generation sequencing, genotyping, bioinformatics analysis, and candidate gene approaches to study 90 affected patients from 38 unrelated Sudanese families segregating multiple forms of SCDs. The age-at-onset in our cohort ranged from birth to 35 years; however, most patients manifested childhood-onset diseases (the mean and median ages at onset were 7.5 and 3 years, respectively). We reached the genetic diagnosis in 63% and possibly up to 73% of the studied families when considering variants of unknown significance. Combining the present data with our previous analysis of 25 Sudanese HSP families, the success rate reached 52–59% (31–35/59 families). In this article we report candidate variants in genes previously known to be associated with SCDs or other phenotypically related monogenic disorders. We also highlight the genetic and clinical heterogeneity of SCDs in Sudan, as we did not identify a major causative gene in our cohort, and the potential for discovering novel SCD genes in this population.

Funder

EC | Horizon 2020 Framework Programme

King Saud University

The Association Connaitre les Syndromes Cérébelleux ASL-HSP-France patient association Ministry of Higher Education, Sudan French Embassy, Sudan

The Ministry of Higher Education, Sudan and the French Embassy, Sudan

Publisher

Springer Science and Business Media LLC

Subject

Genetics (clinical),Genetics

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