Identification of Deep Cervical Fascial Layers During Anterior Cervical Spine Exposure

Abstract

BACKGROUND: Anterior approaches to the cervical spine are among the most common exposures by which neurosurgeons and orthopedic surgeons access the prevertebral space and ultimately the cervical disk and vertebral bodies. There is a paucity of literature describing the microanatomic fascial planes of the neck with respect to anterior cervical approaches. OBJECTIVE: To delineate the microanatomic connections of the cervical fascial planes pertinent to anterior cervical exposure. METHODS: Using a cadaveric model, original illustrations, the Visible Human Project, and an original surgical video, we demonstrate a stepwise method for identifying the correct planes for anterior cervical exposure. RESULTS: A step-by-step method for identifying the anterior cervical fascial planes intraoperatively is demonstrated. CONCLUSION: A comprehensive understanding of anterior cervical microsurgical anatomy is vital for performing a methodical yet efficient approach to the prevertebral space while minimizing retraction and iatrogenic injury to the surrounding neurovascular structures.