1. Contribution from the School of Chemistry and EaStCHEM, University of St Andrews, North Haugh, St Andrews KY16 9ST, U.K., Department of Earth Sciences and Engineering, Imperial College London, South Kensington SW7 2AZ, U.K., Bayerisches Geoinstitut, Universität Bayreuth, D-95440 Bayreuth, Germany, Department of Chemistry and WestCHEM, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, U.K., School of Physics and Astronomy, University of St Andrews, North Haugh, St Andrews KY16 9SS, U.K., and Department of Chemistry...