Assessment of adaptive capacity and genotype-environment interactions of promising spring durum wheat lines under the conditions of the Omsk region

Abstract

The stability of grain production largely depends on prevailing weather conditions and cultivation technology. It also depends on the ability of the variety to maintain a high-level yield and grain quality under adverse environmental conditions. The study aims to determine the adaptive properties and genotype-medium interactions in yield formation in spring durum wheat lines. The authors conducted field research in 2019-2021 based on the breeding rotation of the durum wheat breeding laboratory of the FSBSI Omsk Research Center. The authors also conducted research at a seed production site in the steppe zone in the village of Novouralskiy, Tavrinsky district, Omsk region. Competitive varietal trials were laid on the pure pairing of 40 numbers and three registry varieties. The area of the plots was ten m², the repetition was double, and the placement was randomized. Weather conditions were contrasting both in terms of precipitation and temperature regime. Atypical meteorological conditions prevailed in 2019: favorable in the first vegetation period and drought conditions in the second (Volga type of drought). Drought conditions were observed throughout the summer of 2020. The most unfavorable conditions for grain filling and ripening occurred in 2021. Ecological plasticity parameters were calculated according to S.A. Eberhart and W.A. Russel. AMMI-analysis (additive main effect and multiplicative interaction) were determined according to R.W Zobel et al. The analysis showed the effectiveness of differentiation of genotype response to the environment by AMMI-analysis and the model of S.A. Eberhart, W.A. Russell. At the same time, AMMI analysis with graphs was more informative. The varieties Gordeiforme 11-70-7-7, Gordeiforme 11-47-1, and Gordeiforme 11-49-1-1 proved to be most responsive to changing growing conditions. The genotypes Gordeiforme 14-83-1, Gordeiforme 13-18-3, and Gordeiforme 13-37-2 stably form high productivity. The line of the variety Gordeiforme 12-11-7 has the least interaction between genotype and environment.