B-chromosome evolution

Author:

Camacho Juan Pedro M.1,Sharbel Timothy F.2,Beukeboom Leo W.3

Affiliation:

1. Departamento de Genetica, Universidad de Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain

2. Arbeitsgruppe Michiels, Max-Planck-Institut für Verhaltensphysiologie, PO Box 1564, D-82319 Seewiesen, Germany

3. Instituut voor Evolutionaire en Ecologische Wetenschappen, Rijksuniversiteit Leiden, PO Box 9516, NL-2300 RA Leiden, The Netherlands

Abstract

B chromosomes are extra chromosomes to the standard complement that occur in many organisms. They can originate in a number of ways including derivation from autosomes and sex chromosomes in intraand interspecies crosses. Their subsequent molecular evolution resembles that of univalent sex chromosomes, which involves gene silencing, heterochromatinization and the accumulation of repetitive DNA and transposons. B-chromosome frequencies in populations result from a balance between their transmission rates and their effects on host fitness. Their long-term evolution is considered to be the outcome of selection on the host genome to eliminate B chromosomes or suppress their effects and on the B chromosome's ability to escape through the generation of new variants. Because B chromosomes interact with the standard chromosomes, they can play an important role in genome evolution and may be useful for studying molecular evolutionary processes.

Publisher

The Royal Society

Subject

General Agricultural and Biological Sciences,General Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology

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