ANTIBACTERIAL POTENTIAL AND PHYTOCHEMICAL INVESTIGATION OF MEDICINAL PLANT (EUPHORBIA HIRTA LINN)

Abstract

Euphorbia hirta linn (E. hirta) is a medicinal plant, also known as asthma weeds which are mainly used against human pathogenic diseases such as digestive tract problem, asthma, coughs, diarrhea, dysentery, typhoid fever, inflammation, chronic bronchitis, and other pulmonary disorders. The native of these plants is in Asia, Australia, and East and West Africa. In the present study antibacterial activities, antioxidant activities, and phytochemicals were estimated from 20% isopropanol and aqueous extract of different parts (leaf, fruit, stem, root) of E. hirta. The maximum antioxidant activity, Phenolic contents, and flavonoids showed 0.418 mg/ml in aqueous fruit extract, 0.176 and 0.43 mg/ml in aqueous leaf extract respectively. Some other bioactive compounds were also observed from both 20% extracts of different segments of E. hirta qualitatively. Furthermore, some biomolecules were estimated in higher amounts from E. hirta plant extracts as total sugar 0.168 mg/ml from the aqueous extract of the fruit, total protein 0.453mg/ml from isopropanol extract of the fruit, and the reducing sugar contents 0.08 mg/ml from aqueous root extract. Different parts of the understudy plant (E. hirta) extracts exhibited antibacterial activity against E. coli and K. pneumonia. Whereas only aqueous and isopropanol extract of root and stem and aqueous extract of fruit showed negative antibacterial activity against S. pneumonia. The result suggested that E. hirta may be used for the treatment of different infectious diseases due to the presence of different phytochemicals.