Incidence of Atypical Change and Risk of Breast Cancer in Patients with Gynecomastia

Abstract

Background:Although it is generally accepted that gynecomastia poses no risk of male breast cancer (MBC), the incidence of atypical changes observed in gynecomastia and their effects on the risk of MBC has been investigated recently. Objectives: Therefore, with follow-ups in our series, the present research was conducted to determine the incidence of atypia and its effect on breast cancer in gynecomastia cases. Methods: A total of 151 breast tissues were surgically removed from 108 patients between the ages of 12-90. Atypia was investigated based on gynecomastia in the preparations sampled from these tissues. Results: Around 22 simple hyperplasia, eight atypical ductal hyperplasia (ADH), and one ductal carcinoma in situ were found in 151 breast tissues. Breast cancer was not observed in any patients during the follow-up period. Atypical ductal hyperplasia was seen in younger patients compared to simple hyperplasia (P=0.021). No relationship was observed between lesion size and the incidence of atypia (P=0.538).ICC values for seven components of geriatric nursing-specific Mini-CEX ranged from 0.639 to 0.919, indicating an acceptable level of reliability for this scale. The mean score of overall geriatric competence was (M= 6.12, SD=.33), which indicated that the geriatric competencies of students enrolled in the study were at a satisfactory moderate level. The highest and the lowest mean scores were observed in history taking /communication (M= 6.71, SD=.71) and physical examination skills (M= 4.99, SD=.67), respectively. Conclusion: According to the findings of this study, ADH determined in cases with gynecomastia pose no risk of breast cancer in parallel with the current data in the literature. However, it is accepted that the presence of atypia based on gynecomastia needs to be investigated in series with a large number of cases.