Role of epigenomics in ovarian and endometrial cancers

Author:

Balch Curtis12,Matei Daniela E234,Huang Tim H-M5,Nephew Kenneth P6

Affiliation:

1. Medical Sciences Program, Department of Cellular & Integrative Physiology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Jordan Hall 302, 1001 East Third Street, Bloomington, IN 47408, USA

2. Melvin & Bren Simon Cancer Center, Indiana University, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA

3. Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA

4. Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA

5. Department of Molecular Virology, Immunology & Medical Genetics, Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA

6. Department of Cellular & Integrative Physiology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA.

Abstract

Ovarian cancer is the most lethal gynecologic malignancy and while constituting only 3% of all female cancers, it causes 14,600 deaths in the USA annually. Endometrial cancer, the most diagnosed and second-most fatal gynecologic cancer, afflicts over 40,000 US women annually, causing an estimated 7780 deaths in 2009. In both advanced ovarian and endometrial carcinomas, the majority of initially therapy-responsive tumors eventually evolve to a fully drug-resistant phenotype. In addition to genetic mutations, epigenetic anomalies are frequent in both gynecologic malignancies, including aberrant DNA methylation, atypical histone modifications and dysregulated expression of distinct microRNAs, resulting in altered gene-expression patterns favoring cell survival. In this article, we summarize the most recent hypotheses regarding the role of epigenetics in ovarian and endometrial cancers, including a possible role in tumor ‘stemness’ and also evaluate the possible therapeutic benefits of reversal of these oncogenic chromatin aberrations.

Publisher

Future Medicine Ltd

Subject

Cancer Research,Genetics

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