Pharmacogenomics education, research and clinical implementation in the state of Minnesota

Author:

Bishop Jeffrey R12ORCID,Huang R Stephanie1,Brown Jacob T3,Mroz Pawel4,Johnson Steven G5,Allen Josiah D67,Bielinski Suzette J8,England Julie9,Farley Joel F10,Gregornik David11ORCID,Giri Jyothsna12,Kroger Christine13,Long Susie E14,Luczak Tiana315ORCID,McGonagle Erin J1,Ma Sisi5,Matey Eric T16,Mandic Pinar K17,Moyer Ann M18,Nicholson Wayne T19,Petry Natasha2021ORCID,Pawloski Pamala A22,Schlichte Allyson23,Schondelmeyer Stephen W10,Seifert Randall D3,Speedie Marilyn K24,Stenehjem David3ORCID,Straka Robert J1,Wachtl Jason25,Waring Stephen C26,Ness Brian Van27,Zierhut Heather A27,Aliferis Constantin5,Wolf Susan M28,McCarty Catherine A29,Jacobson Pamala A1

Affiliation:

1. Department of Experimental & Clinical Pharmacology, University of Minnesota College of Pharmacy, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA

2. Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA

3. Department of Pharmacy Practice & Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Minnesota College of Pharmacy, Duluth, MN 55812, USA

4. Department of Laboratory Medicine & Pathology, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA

5. Institute for Health Informatics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA

6. University of Minnesota College of Pharmacy, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA

7. Medigenics Consulting LLC, Minneapolis, MN 55407, USA

8. Department of Quantitative Health Sciences, Division of Epidemiology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA

9. OneOme, LLC, Minneapolis, MN 55413, USA

10. Department of Pharmaceutical Care & Health Systems, University of Minnesota College of Pharmacy, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA

11. Pharmacogenomics Program, Children's Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55407, USA

12. Mayo Clinic Center for Individualized Medicine, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine & Science, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA

13. Allina Health, Minneapolis, MN 55407, USA

14. MHealth Fairview. Acute Care Pharmacy Services, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA

15. Essentia Health, Duluth, MN 55805, USA

16. Department of Pharmacy, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine & Science, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA

17. Department of Finance, University of Minnesota Carlson School of Management, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA

18. Department of Laboratory Medicine & Pathology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine & Science, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA

19. Department of Anesthesiology & Perioperative Medicine, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine & Science, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA

20. Sanford Health Imagenetics, Sioux Falls, SD 57105, USA

21. Department of Pharmacy Practice, North Dakota State University College of Health Professions, Fargo, ND 58108, USA

22. HealthPartners Institute, Minneapolis, MN 55440, USA

23. Fairview Pharmacy Services, LLC, Minneapolis, MN 55414, USA

24. Department of Medicinal Chemistry, University of Minnesota College of Pharmacy, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA

25. Geritom Medical, Inc, Bloomington, MN 55438, USA

26. Essentia Institute of Rural Health, Duluth, MN 55805, USA

27. Department of Genetics, Cell Biology & Development, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA

28. Law School, Medical School, Consortium on Law & Values in Health, Environment & the Life Sciences, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA

29. Department of Family Medicine & Biobehavioral Health, University of Minnesota Medical School, Duluth, MN 55812, USA

Abstract

Several healthcare organizations across Minnesota have developed formal pharmacogenomic (PGx) clinical programs to increase drug safety and effectiveness. Healthcare professional and student education is strong and there are multiple opportunities in the state for learners to gain workforce skills and develop advanced competency in PGx. Implementation planning is occurring at several organizations and others have incorporated structured utilization of PGx into routine workflows. Laboratory-based and translational PGx research in Minnesota has driven important discoveries in several therapeutic areas. This article reviews the state of PGx activities in Minnesota including educational programs, research, national consortia involvement, technology, clinical implementation and utilization and reimbursement, and outlines the challenges and opportunities in equitable implementation of these advances.

Funder

Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality

National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences

University of Minnesota

Publisher

Future Medicine Ltd

Subject

Pharmacology,Genetics,Molecular Medicine

Reference39 articles.

1. US Department of Commerce. US Census Bureau QuickFacts: Minnesota (2019). https://www.census.gov/quickfacts/wa%0Ahttps://www.census.gov/quickfacts/fact/table/mn/AGE295217

2. The Demographic Statistical Atlas of the United States. Statistical Atlas (2018). https://statisticalatlas.com/state/Minnesota/Ancestry

3. Persons of Color (number) Minnesota and US, 1960–2053. Minnesota Compass (2021). https://www.mncompass.org/chart/k199/race#1-5104-g

4. Cultural Community Profiles. Minnesota Compass (2021). https://www.mncompass.org/topics/demographics/cultural-communities

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