The Indicators of Secretory and Cellular Immunity of Oral Fluid and Periodontal Tissue Before and After Complex Treatment in Patients with Viral Hepatitis B

Abstract

Background: The pathogenetic commonality of many general somatic processes and inflammatory diseases of the oral cavity is due to the development of mechanisms of cellular damage and modification of tissue structures that are common to the whole organism and acquire autoantigenic properties. The aim of the study was to reveal the immunological changes in the oral cavity with viral hepatitis B and assess the effectiveness of complex treatment. Material and methods: The study involved 95 patients with HBV with periodontal lesions, as well as 100 patients in the control group non- HBV. The dental status and index assessment of the condition of periodontal tissues were studied in all patients. Oral fluid cytokines IL-2, IL-10, IL-4, ɤ-INF were determined. For morphological studies, tissue samples excised from the gums in the area of direct localization of the pathohistological process were used. Immunohistochemical examination of gingival biopsies was performed using mouse monoclonal antibodies to CD3 to detect T lymphocytes. Results: An objective examination of the oral cavity of patients with HBV revealed the presence of a generalized inflammatory process in the area of the marginal and alveolar parts of the gums. Pro-inflammatory IL-2 and ɤ-INF in HBV significantly increase: p<0.001 and p<0.0405, respectively, and anti-inflammatory IL4 sharply decreases compared to the control group by 130 times (p<0.001). After complex treatment, pro-inflammatory IL-2 decreased (p <0.001), the content of anti-inflammatory IL-4 in OF increased 404 times (<0.002). Immunohistochemical research of biopsies periodontium tissue taken from patients with HBV us to evaluate the quantitative composition of infiltrate to T-lymphocytes (CD3+). Conclusion: Thus, the analysis shows that with HBV, gum damage resembles the clinical picture of inflammatory periodontal diseases. Indicators of anti-inflammatory IL4 sharply decrease before complex treatment. A pathomorphological study of periodontal tissues with HBV revealed inflammatory infiltration in all patients. Immunohistochemical study of HBV revealed a positive reaction of lymphocytes for CD3+.