Obesity. Reasons, features and prospects

Abstract

Rapid changes in the morphological characteristics of the population, which began in the middle of the last century, are due to changes in the habitat. The “obesogenic” environment that is formed in urbanized spaces contributes to physical inactivity and a hypercaloric diet, and the processes of globalization contribute to obesity in the population in all countries of the world. From the obesity epidemic declared by WHO in 1988, humanity has moved to an obesity pandemic. The presented review analyzes global and Russian trends in the development of obesity. Data on the prevalence of latent obesity and diagnostic criteria for this condition are presented. An analysis of data on the dynamics of BMI in the world and in the Russian Federation was carried out. Various options for the topography of fat deposition and their relationship with comorbid diseases are considered. The structure of the subcutaneous fat depot in the abdominal area and the influence of the outer (superficial subcutaneous abdominal adipose tissue, SSAT) and deep (deep subcutaneous abdominal adipose tissue, DSAT) layers of subcutaneous fatty tissue in the abdominal area on the risks of developing diseases are discussed. The results of assessing the diagnostic value of the T/A substitution in the FTO gene (rs9939609) for predicting the proportion of fat mass and abdominal fat deposition in adults are presented.