Gaming motivations and gaming disorder symptoms: A systematic review and meta-analysis

Author:

Bäcklund Christian1ORCID,Elbe Pia12ORCID,Gavelin Hanna M.3ORCID,Sörman Daniel Eriksson1ORCID,Ljungberg Jessica K.1ORCID

Affiliation:

1. Department of Health, Education and Technology, Luleå University of Technology, Laboratorievägen 14, 971 87, Luleå, Sweden

2. Department of Radiation Sciences, Umeå Center for Functional Brain Imaging (UFBI), Umeå University, Sweden

3. Department of Psychology, Umeå University, Sweden

Abstract

Abstract Background and aims The present systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to synthesize the available literature on the relationship between gaming motivations and gaming disorder symptoms. Specifically, to (1) explore what gaming motivation questionnaires and classifications are used in studies on gaming disorder symptoms and (2) investigate the relationship between motivational factors and symptoms of gaming disorder. Method An electronic database search was conducted via EBSCO (MEDLINE and PsycINFO) and the Web of Science Core Collection. All studies using validated measurements on gaming disorder symptoms and gaming motivations and available correlation coefficients of the relationship between gaming disorder and gaming motivations were included. The meta-analyses were conducted using a random-effects model. Results In total, 49 studies (k = 58 independent sub-samples), including 51,440 participants, out of which 46 studies (k = 55 sub-samples, n = 49,192 participants) provided data for the meta-analysis. The synthesis identified fourteen different gaming motivation instruments, seven unique motivation models, and 26 motivational factors. The meta-analysis showed statistically significant associations between gaming disorder symptoms and 23 out of 26 motivational factors, with the majority of the pooled mean effect sizes ranging from small to moderate. Moreover, large heterogeneity was observed, and the calculated prediction intervals indicated substantial variation in effects across populations and settings. Motivations related to emotional escape were robustly associated with gaming disorder symptoms. Discussion and conclusions The present meta-analysis reinforces the importance of motivational factors in understanding problematic gaming behavior. The analysis showed significant heterogeneity in most outcomes, warranting further investigation. Registration detail PROSPERO (CRD42020220050).

Funder

Knut and Alice Wallenberg Foundation

VINNOVA

Swedish Research Council

Swedish Research Council for Sport Science

Publisher

Akademiai Kiado Zrt.

Subject

Psychiatry and Mental health,Clinical Psychology,General Medicine,Medicine (miscellaneous)

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