Standardized clinical assessments and advanced AI-driven instruments used to evaluate neurofunctional deficits, including within biomarker based framework, in Parkinson’s disease - human intelligence made vs. AI models - systematic review

Abstract

IntroductionConsidering the extensive development of artificial intelligence (AI) facilities, like Generative Pre-Trained Transformer (ChatGPT) 4.o and ChatGPT Scholar, we explored their abilities to conduct a systematic literature review. Using as a specific domain, an attempt to frame/methodize clinical assessment instruments used to evaluate neuro-functional deficits in Parkinson’s disease (PD) – including framed through the ICF(-DH) paradigm – for the above-mentioned comparison between human intelligence (HI) and AI, this paper is as well, a follow-up regarding the most actual subject matter of the AI’s capabilities evolution in this respect. As well-known clinical-/paraclinical-/functional evaluations, using assessment quantitative (as much as possible) instruments, are basic endeavors for rehabilitation, as they enable setting of appropriate and realistic therapeutic-rehabilitative specific goals.MethodsWithin the actual work, we have first achieved a narrative synthesis of the main molecular mechanisms involved in PD pathophysiology, underpinning its clinical appearance and evolution. To fundament our knowledge on an up-to-date information regarding the clinical-functional evaluation tools practiced in PD, we systematically reviewed the literature in this domain, published in the last 6 years, through a PRISMA type method for filtering/selecting the related bibliographic resources. The same keywords combinations/syntaxes have been used contextually, also to dialogize with ChatGPT4.o and ChatGPT.ResultsScholar Applying PRISMA type methodology (HI achieved), we have selected, matching the filtering criteria, 24 articles. Interrogating the two AI above-mentioned models, we obtained quite difficult to be availed/useful – comparative to our HI obtained – outcomes. Thus, when interrogating ChatGPT4.o, ChatGPT Scholar repeatedly, they provided - partially diverse - inappropriate related answers, including ones pending on the interrogator’s IP, although they claimed to have this capacity.DiscussionWe consider, regarding their capabilities to achieve systematic literature reviews, that neither ChatGPT 4.o nor ChatGPT Scholar still cannot succeed this (yet, they keep improving lately). Additionally, we have consistently extended, including within a narrative related literature review, our ‘dialogue” with these two AI facilities regarding their availability to enhance the related evaluation instruments accuracy on neurofunctional assessments within biomarker-based frameworks. So, our research aimed basically to emphasize the main topical data regarding these two important paradigms of knowledge (based on HI and on AI) acquirements – considering the impetuous development of the latter – and thus, possibly to contribute inclusively at improving the actual performances to achieve Systematic Literature Reviews through the PRISMA type method – for the moment still better served by HI.