Author:
Ginzel Marco,Huber Nana,Bauer Leopold,Kluth Dietrich,Metzger Roman
Abstract
Introduction: During embryonic development, the trachea emerges from an area of the foregut, which is often referred to as “anterior” or “common” foregut tube or simply foregut. To explain this process of differentiation, four competing models exist to date. The outgrowth and watershed models propose a foregut that remains constant in length. In the outgrowth model, the trachea buds off and elongates from the foregut, while in the watershed model, a mesenchymal wedge splits the growing foregut into the trachea and esophagus. In contrast, the septation model proposes a cranial splitting and thus a shortening of the “common” foregut tube into the trachea and esophagus by an emerging septum. Finally, the splitting and extension model describes an interaction of cranial splitting of the foregut and simultaneous caudal tracheal and esophageal growth.Methods: Here we examine the development of the undifferentiated foregut by micro computed tomography, which allows precise measurements.Results: Our results show that this area of the foregut transforms into the larynx, a process, which is independent from tracheal and esophageal development.Discussion: These observations are only consistent with the outgrowth model.
Subject
Cell Biology,Developmental Biology
Reference31 articles.
1. Anorectal atresia. An experimental model in the rat;Arana;Eur. J. Pediatr. Surg.,2001
2. Compartmentalization of the foregut tube: Developmental origins of the trachea and esophagus;Fausett;Wiley Interdiscip. Rev. Dev. Biol.,2012
3. Midgut development in rat embryos using microcomputed tomography;Ginzel;Commun. Biol.,2021
4. The development of the respiratory apparatus;Grosser;Keibel, Mall, Man. Hum. embryology,1912
Cited by
2 articles.
订阅此论文施引文献
订阅此论文施引文献,注册后可以免费订阅5篇论文的施引文献,订阅后可以查看论文全部施引文献