Author:
Swanson Jessica L.,Chin Pey-Shyuan,Romero Juan M.,Srivastava Snigdha,Ortiz-Guzman Joshua,Hunt Patrick J.,Arenkiel Benjamin R.
Abstract
Neural circuits and the cells that comprise them represent the functional units of the brain. Circuits relay and process sensory information, maintain homeostasis, drive behaviors, and facilitate cognitive functions such as learning and memory. Creating a functionally-precise map of the mammalian brain requires anatomically tracing neural circuits, monitoring their activity patterns, and manipulating their activity to infer function. Advancements in cell-type-specific genetic tools allow interrogation of neural circuits with increased precision. This review provides a broad overview of recombination-based and activity-driven genetic targeting approaches, contemporary viral tracing strategies, electrophysiological recording methods, newly developed calcium, and voltage indicators, and neurotransmitter/neuropeptide biosensors currently being used to investigate circuit architecture and function. Finally, it discusses methods for acute or chronic manipulation of neural activity, including genetically-targeted cellular ablation, optogenetics, chemogenetics, and over-expression of ion channels. With this ever-evolving genetic toolbox, scientists are continuing to probe neural circuits with increasing resolution, elucidating the structure and function of the incredibly complex mammalian brain.
Funder
Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development
National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke
National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases
U.S. Department of Agriculture
Subject
Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience,Cognitive Neuroscience,Sensory Systems,Neuroscience (miscellaneous)
Cited by
17 articles.
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