Author:
Yagi Tomoko,Ando Shuntaro,Usami Satoshi,Yamasaki Syudo,Morita Masaya,Kiyono Tomoki,Hayashi Noriyuki,Endo Kaori,Iijima Yudai,Morimoto Yuko,Kanata Sho,Fujikawa Shinya,Koike Shinsuke,Kano Yukiko,Hiraiwa-Hasegawa Mariko,Nishida Atsushi,Kasai Kiyoto
Abstract
Background: Previous studies have revealed an association between maternal depressive/anxious symptoms and children's tics. However, the longitudinal relationships between these symptoms remain unclear. We examined the longitudinal relationships between maternal depressive/anxious symptoms and children's tic frequency in early adolescence with a population-based sample.Methods: The participants consisted of 3,171 children and their mothers from the Tokyo Teen Cohort (TTC) study, a population-representative longitudinal study that was launched in Tokyo in 2012. Maternal depressive/anxious symptoms and children's tics were examined using self-report questionnaires at the ages of 10 (time 1, T1) and 12 (time 2, T2). A cross-lagged model was used to explore the relationships between maternal depressive/anxious symptoms and children's tic frequency.Results: Higher levels of maternal depressive/anxious symptoms at T1 were related to an increased children's tic frequency at T2 (β = 0.06, p < 0.001). Furthermore, more frequent children's tics at T1 were positively related to maternal depressive/anxious symptoms at T2 (β = 0.06, p < 0.001).Conclusions: These findings suggest a longitudinal bidirectional relationship between maternal depressive/anxious symptoms and children's tic frequency in early adolescence that may exacerbate each other over time and possibly create a vicious cycle. When an early adolescent has tics, it might be important to identify and treat related maternal depressive/anxious symptoms.
Funder
Japan Society for the Promotion of Science
Center for Integrative Science of Human Behavior, University of Tokyo
International Research Center for Neurointelligence, University of Tokyo
Japan Agency for Medical Research and Development
Subject
Psychiatry and Mental health