Dementia incidence and population-attributable fraction for dementia risk factors in Republic of Korea: a 12-year longitudinal follow-up study of a national cohort

Abstract

BackgroundWe aimed to investigate the incidence of dementia by age and year as well as the population-attributable fractions (PAFs) for known dementia risk factors in Republic of Korea.MethodsA 12-year, nationwide, population-based, retrospective cohort study was conducted. We used customized health information from the National Health Insurance Service (NHIS) data from 2002 to 2017. We analyzed age- and sex-adjusted incidence rates and PAF of dementia for each risk factor such as depression, diabetes, hemorrhagic stroke, ischemic stroke, hypertension, osteoporosis and physical inactivity using Levin’s formula.ResultsOf the 794,448 subjects in the dementia-free cohort, 49,524 (6.2%) developed dementia. Dementia incidence showed annual growth from 1.56 per 1,000 person-years in 2006 to 6.94 per 1,000 person-years in 2017. Of all dementia cases, 34,544 subjects (69.8%) were female and 2,479 subjects (5.0%) were early onset dementia. AD dementia accounted for 66.5% of the total dementia incidence. Considering relative risk and prevalence, physical inactivity attributed the greatest to dementia (PAF, 8.1%), followed by diabetes (PAF, 4.2%), and hypertension (PAF, 2.9%). Altogether, the significant risk factors increased the risk of dementia by 18.0% (overall PAF).ConclusionWe provided the incidence of dementia and PAFs for dementia risk factors in Republic of Korea using a 12-year, nationwide cohort. Encouraging lifestyle modifications and more aggressive control of risk factors may effectively prevent dementia.