Author:
Liu Lin,Chen Jie,Liu Chang,Luo Yuxuan,Chen Jiayun,Fu Yuanyuan,Xu Yajie,Wu Haili,Li Xue,Wang Hui
Abstract
IntroductionHeavy metals were classified as essential, probably essential, and potentially toxic in the general population. Until now, it has been reported inconsistently on the association between heavy metals and BC. In this meta-analysis, we aimed to assess the association between heavy metals and BC and review the potential mechanisms systematically.MethodsWe searched for epidemiological studies in English about the association between heavy metals and BC published before September 2020 in PubMed, Web of Science, and Embase databases. In total 36 studies, comprising 4,151 individuals from five continents around the world were identified and included.ResultsIn all biological specimens, Cu, Cd, and Pb concentrations were higher, but Zn and Mn concentrations were lower in patients with BC than in non-BC participants [SMD (95% CIs): 0.62 (0.12, 1.12); 1.64 (0.76, 2.52); 2.03 (0.11, 3.95); −1.40 (−1.96, −0.85); −2.26 (−3.39, −1.13); p = 0.01, 0.0003, 0.04, <0.0001, <0.0001]. Specifically, higher plasma or serum Cu and Cd, as well as lower Zn and Mn, were found in cases [SMD (95% CIs): 0.98 (0.36, 1.60); 2.55 (1.16, 3.94); −1.53 (−2.28, −0.78); −2.40 (−3.69, −1.10); p = 0.002, 0.0003, <0.0001, 0.0003]; in hair, only lower Zn was observed [SMD (95% CIs): −2.12 (−3.55, −0.68); p = 0.0004]. Furthermore, the status of trace elements probably needs to be re-explored, particularly in BC. More prospective studies, randomized clinical trials, and specific pathogenic studies are needed to prevent BC. The main mechanisms underlying above-mentioned findings are comprehensively reviewed.ConclusionFor BC, this review identified the current knowledge gaps which we currently have in understanding the impact of different heavy metals on BC.Systematic Review Registrationwww.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/display_record.php?ID=CRD42020176934, identifier: CRD42020176934.
Subject
Nutrition and Dietetics,Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism,Food Science
Reference163 articles.
1. Hazardous heavy metals contamination of vegetables and food chain: Role of sustainable remediation approaches - A review;Kumar,2019
2. Heavy metal contamination in water, soil, and vegetables of the industrial areas in Dhaka, Bangladesh;Ahmad;Environ Monit Assess.,2010
3. Heavy metal pollution by road-deposited sediments and its contribution to total suspended solids in rainfall runoff from intensive industrial areas;Jeong,2020
4. Geochemical behavior and potential health risk of heavy metals in basalt-derived agricultural soil and crops: a case study from Xuyi County, eastern China;Wang;Sci Total Environ.,2020
5. Global burden of intellectual disability resulting from dietary exposure to lead, 2015;Carrington;Environ Res.,2019