Author:
Ahmed Mohamed Ibraheem Mahmoud,Diepers Paulina,Janke Christian,Plank Michael,Eser Tabea M.,Rubio-Acero Raquel,Fuchs Anna,Baranov Olga,Castelletti Noemi,Kroidl Inge,Olbrich Laura,Bauer Bernadette,Wang Danni,Prelog Martina,Liese Johannes G.,Reinkemeyer Christina,Hoelscher Michael,Steininger Philipp,Überla Klaus,Wieser Andreas,Geldmacher Christof
Abstract
SARS-CoV-2 vaccine breakthrough infections frequently occurred even before the emergence of Omicron variants. Yet, relatively little is known about the impact of vaccination on SARS-CoV-2-specific T cell and antibody response dynamics upon breakthrough infection. We have therefore studied the dynamics of CD4 and CD8 T cells targeting the vaccine-encoded Spike and the non-encoded Nucleocapsid antigens during breakthrough infections (BTI, n=24) and in unvaccinated control infections (non-BTI, n=30). Subjects with vaccine breakthrough infection had significantly higher CD4 and CD8 T cell responses targeting the vaccine-encoded Spike during the first and third/fourth week after PCR diagnosis compared to non-vaccinated controls, respectively. In contrast, CD4 T cells targeting the non-vaccine encoded Nucleocapsid antigen were of significantly lower magnitude in BTI as compared to non-BTI. Hence, previous vaccination was linked to enhanced T cell responses targeting the vaccine-encoded Spike antigen, while responses against the non-vaccine encoded Nucleocapsid antigen were significantly attenuated.
Subject
Immunology,Immunology and Allergy
Cited by
6 articles.
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