Analysis of m7G methylation modification patterns and pulmonary vascular immune microenvironment in pulmonary arterial hypertension

Abstract

BackgroundM7G methylation modification plays an important role in cardiovascular disease development. Dysregulation of the immune microenvironment is closely related to the pathogenesis of PAH. However, it is unclear whether m7G methylation is involved in the progress of PAH by affecting the immune microenvironment.MethodsThe gene expression profile of PAH was obtained from the GEO database, and the m7G regulatory factors were analyzed for differences. Machine learning algorithms were used to screen characteristic genes, including the least absolute shrinkage and selection operator, random forest, and support vector machine recursive feature elimination analysis. Constructed a nomogram model, and receiver operating characteristic was used to evaluate the diagnosis of disease characteristic genes value. Next, we used an unsupervised clustering method to perform consistent clustering analysis on m7G differential genes. Used the ssGSEA algorithm to estimate the relationship between the m7G regulator in PAH and immune cell infiltration and analyze the correlation with disease-characteristic genes. Finally, the listed drugs were evaluated through the screened signature genes.ResultsWe identified 15 kinds of m7G differential genes. CYFIP1, EIF4E, and IFIT5 were identified as signature genes by the machine learning algorithm. Meanwhile, two m7G molecular subtypes were identified by consensus clustering (cluster A/B). In addition, immune cell infiltration analysis showed that activated CD4 T cells, regulatory T cells, and type 2 T helper cells were upregulated in m7G cluster B, CD56 dim natural killer cells, MDSC, and monocyte were upregulated in the m7G cluster A. It might be helpful to select Calpain inhibitor I and Everolimus for the treatment of PAH.ConclusionOur study identified CYFIP1, EIF4E, and IFIT5 as novel diagnostic biomarkers in PAH. Furthermore, their association with immune cell infiltration may facilitate the development of immune therapy in PAH.