Clinicopathological and CT features of tumor spread through air space in invasive lung adenocarcinoma

Abstract

ObjectiveTumor spread through air spaces (STAS) has recently been reported as a novel invasive pattern in lung adenocarcinoma. Thus, this study aimed to investigate the clinicopathological and radiological features in invasive lung adenocarcinoma with tumor STAS.MethodsData of 503 invasive lung adenocarcinoma patients who underwent surgery between 1 January 2015 and 31 December 2021 were collected. The correlations between STAS presence and clinicopathological and radiological characteristics were analyzed. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS 22.0.ResultsAmong the 503 patients with invasive adenocarcinoma, 247 (47.9%) and 262 (52.1%) patients were positive and negative for STAS, respectively. Compared to STAS-negative adenocarcinoma, STAS was more common in papillary, micropapillary, and solid tumors (p < 0.01); STAS was associated with advanced pT (p = 0.024), pN (p < 0.001), and pTNM (p < 0.001) stage, more lymph node metastases (p < 0.01), more pleural invasion (p < 0.01), and more neurovascular invasion (p = 0.025). The maximum diameter (p < 0.01), the maximum diameters of the solid component (p < 0.01), and the consolidation/tumor ratio (CTR, p < 0.01) were significantly larger in STAS-positive than in STAS-negative adenocarcinoma. Other common computed tomography (CT) features of adenocarcinomas, i.e., lobulation (p < 0.01), spiculation (p < 0.01), vacuole (p < 0.01), air bronchogram (p = 0.020), vascular convergence (p < 0.01), and pleural indentation (p < 0.01) were significantly associated with STAS. In a multivariable analysis, the maximal diameter of the solid component (odds ratio [OR], 2.505; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.886–3.329), vacuole (OR, 3.301; 95% CI, 1.822–5.980), and spiculation (OR, 2.162; 95% CI, 1.221–3.829) were independent predictors of STAS. The area under the curve (AUC) of the maximal diameter of the solid component was 0.757 (95% CI, 0.714–0.799; p < 0.001), the sensitivity was 73.9%, and the specificity was 69.1% at a cutoff value of 1.18 cm.ConclusionSTAS was significantly correlated with several invasive clinicopathological and radiological characteristics, and the maximal diameter was an independent predictor of STAS. These results will prove helpful in identifying STAS-positive adenocarcinoma by CT before surgical resection.