Author:
Preisser Matthew,Passalacqua Paola,Bixler R. Patrick,Boyles Stephen
Abstract
Numerous government and non-governmental agencies are increasing their efforts to better quantify the disproportionate effects of climate risk on vulnerable populations with the goal of creating more resilient communities. Sociodemographic based indices have been the primary source of vulnerability information the past few decades. However, using these indices fails to capture other facets of vulnerability, such as the ability to access critical resources (e.g., grocery stores, hospitals, pharmacies, etc.). Furthermore, methods to estimate resource accessibility as storms occur (i.e., in near-real time) are not readily available to local stakeholders. We address this gap by creating a model built on strictly open-source data to solve the user equilibrium traffic assignment problem to calculate how an individual's access to critical resources changes during and immediately after a flood event. Redundancy, reliability, and recoverability metrics at the household and network scales reveal the inequitable distribution of the flood's impact. In our case-study for Austin, Texas we found that the most vulnerable households are the least resilient to the impacts of floods and experience the most volatile shifts in metric values. Concurrently, the least vulnerable quarter of the population often carries the smallest burdens. We show that small and moderate inequalities become large inequities when accounting for more vulnerable communities' lower ability to cope with the loss of accessibility, with the most vulnerable quarter of the population carrying four times as much of the burden as the least vulnerable quarter. The near-real time and open-source model we developed can benefit emergency planning stakeholders by helping identify households that require specific resources during and immediately after hazard events.
Subject
Water Science and Technology
Reference128 articles.
1. Travel time functions for transport planning purposes: Davidson's function, its time dependent form and alternative travel time function;Akçelik;Austr. Road Res,1991
2. Accessibility inequality in houston;Akhavan;IEEE Sens. Lett,2019
3. Incorporating equity and resiliency in municipal transportation planning: Case study of mobility hubs in Oakland, California;Anderson;Transpor. Res. Rec,2017
4. Equity impacts of urban land use planning for climate adaptation;Anguelovski;J. Plann. Educ. Res,2016
5. Indirect flood impacts and cascade risk across interdependent linear infrastructures;Arrighi;Nat. Hazar. Earth Syst. Sci,2021
Cited by
1 articles.
订阅此论文施引文献
订阅此论文施引文献,注册后可以免费订阅5篇论文的施引文献,订阅后可以查看论文全部施引文献